The Birthday Party Essay Example for Free

The Birthday Party Essay Theatrical features of the birthday party The birthday party considered as one of the greatest Pinter’s work which reflect his own rules and features of his own drama. Perhaps Pinter is very different from other absurdist writers as the Irish Samuel Becket and Inesco.but in anyhow I can assume that the theatre of the absurd as called by Martin Essllin has witnessed some other themes and set of ideas that makes it relevant .This is partly as a results of Pinter’s style of writing ; he does not preach lecture or categorical statement , but instead present his audience with incident ,characters ,language that suggest that something of great significance is taking place ,without ever being specific about what is it . So that the birthday party is an exploratory work that stimulate the audience into a wide range of topic , and perhaps the most vital thing to remember it is at one and the same time a play about the status of the artist in society , and how people fail to communicate, and about people need for security . Language is a tool to articulate and express opinions, but in the birthday party people used language in other aims. we have the undesirability of communication characters do not want to talk with each other they use language as an escape from truth we do not know whether the word they said are true or false and that is related to lack of verification and unverifiability which is between truth and falsehood cannot be detected. In the opening of the play we have a talkative woman that speaks a lot with her husband in an absurd manner communicating things with no real value. Pinter suggesting that people are too frightened of real communication to use language for this purpose, because real communication may reveal other weakness and deficiencies thus much language in the play is an attempt to cover up and evade the truth. Goldberg’s memories of youth as an example used in order to remove from Goldberg the obligation or need to talk about what is happening now. So the whole theme in the birthday could be summed up by saying that in the birthday party people are shown as being either unable or unwilling to convey accurately their feeling and thoughts to other people. Also in this play we have a struggle or a paradoxical situation between individuality presented by Stanly that presented as an artist in society. in this interpretation in which Stanly represent the man with creative talent who defies the conventions of society by his mode of living as someone who  refuses the traditional way of thinking and the values of society , and by refusing to accept it , and insist remains outside .therefore the character of Stanly considered as a menace to the system of society he may encourage other people to revolt against it. If this could happen people doesn’t do what society demand from them it mean the collapse and a total distraction of society as a whole . therefore Stanly has to be drawn back in order to obey to the rules and being conformist by force if necessary .and the second part the two conformist man Goldberg and McCann whom considered as symbol that shattered the illusion of security of Stanly .that least one is an artist means freedom of artistic expression furthermore Stanly appears at end of the play in dark suit and white collar , shaven and unable to articulate or express himself this notions means Stanly start to fit in society . he has been made respectable, from this it is easy to argue that this is what society demands of its members an unthinking obedience and lack of any individuality . All Pinter’s play has the same scenario that have in the middle of it an unknown menace that come from the outside world. The first play was the room wirriten in 1957 that contains that idea of outsiders force. In the Birthday party the room have also a great significance that made by Harold Pinter, it means the security for Stanly also as a womb of a mother , somewhere warm secure for its inhabitants . This significance of the room is related to the isolation of Stanly as an individual member. But this security is shattered by outsiders’ forces which considered as metaphysical that comes from outside the room and show that this security is unrealistic, a vain of hope. We can say that outsider menace is the result of being strange and not like the majority of society. Stanly as an example he isolate himself from others and that what considered as a threat to the government. Finally we can assume that the play of the birthday party is an illustration of the state of modern man in the historical context after the second world war. I suggest that it main purpose is to describe the modern man who was influenced by the wars and violence he is lost and this feeling of lost is clearly shown in the play when Pinter used darkness in his play and this action made the reader and audience lost too. Obviously that theme of obscurity is also applied at level of communication and use of  language when people fail to express their real emotion and opinion. There is an undesirability of communication people are frightened to tell other what they feel rather they keep silence and this use of pause by the writer is deliberately in a manner to show the audience that not everything we communicate is in purpose, but the truth is what isn’t as Pinter said : I think we communicate only too well in our silence, in what is unsaid. Also in this play we have the use of la nguage as a weapon to distract and make other obey to other’s willing and that is a part of the menace which comes from the outside of the secure room .

how to mare black powder :: essays research papers

How to Make Black Powder (and other explosives) Introduction Black Powder, also known as Gunpowder, is an explosive that has been around, literally, for centuries. The exact origins of the formula are lost in time, but it is known that the Chinese used Black Powder in weaponry at least 1,000 years ago. Technically, Black Powder burns by a process known as deflagration. This differs from detonation in that Black Powder produces subsonic shock waves, as opposed to the supersonic shock waves produced by explosives such as Dynamite, C-4 or TNT. This means that Black Powder is better suited as a propellant (such as in fireworks, bullets and cannons) than blasting (such as in construction or demolition). Safety Black Powder is dangerous!. The powder burns at a very high temperature, and is easily ignited. (High grade powder doesn’t even need a flame to ignite – it can be set off by percussion, such as the firing pin of a pistol.) Basically, what I am saying is that if you are not careful, you could land up with very severe burns, or worse. Some basic guidelines to follow: 1) Always mix ingredients in small amounts. Do not try to make 10 Kg of black powder (or any explosive) in one batch. Mixing small amounts of powder limits the potential damage should an unexpected explosion occur. 2) Keep your workplace tidy. Always carefully clean up spilled chemicals. Some materials can spontaneously combust when mixed (this is especially true of nitrates and chlorates). For the same reason, use separate instruments (plastic spoons, mixing cups, etc) for different chemicals. Label your instruments so that you know what materials they have been in contact with. 3) Mix materials outdoors. Chemical explosives contain their own internal source of oxygen, and cannot be smothered. If you start a chemical fire indoors, it can be nearly impossible to extinguish. 4) Be aware of static sparks. Do not use metal instruments to mix or grind materials. Do not store chemicals in metal containers. Use ceramics or plastics wherever possible. Store chemicals and mixtures in plastic containers or ZipLoc bags. 5) Wear safety goggles. Should the worst happen, skin can be grafted. Eyes cannot be replaced. Ingredients Black Powder has traditionally consisted of three ingredients: Potassium Nitrate (KNO3, also known as Salt Peter), Sulfur and Charcoal. The Sulfur and Charcoal provide fuel for the reaction, while the Potassium Nitrate provides Oxygen. By themselves, Charcoal and Sulfur will burn, albeit very slowly. The addition of an oxidizer (such as KNO3) greatly speeds up the burn rate of the fuel, resulting in an explosive reaction. The traditional ratio of the ingredients is 15:3:2 of KNO3, Charcoal and Sulfur by weight

Importance of Gwadar Port for Pakistan

Selection of Gwadar for construction of Deep Sea Port. While carrying out feasibility study for development of Gwadar port both Karachi and Bin Qasim were also considered for such development but found not attractive to major shipping agencies due to remoteness from main shipping routes, limitations of draft and comparatively long turn around time. Due to these reasons Gwadar was selected as the site for 3rd commercial port for Pakistan. Geo-Strategic Importance Gwadar port is located about 267 NM West of Karachi. Because of its ideal location at the mouth of gulf and opposite strategic choke points of Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman the port is visualized to become a regional hub serving incoming and out going commercial traffic of Middle East and Gulf countries. The new port of Gwadar will supplement Karachi Port and Port Qasim. It will attract transit and trans-shipment trade from over twenty countries including Srilanka, Bangladesh, Oman, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iraq and Iran. These countries may open their warehouses in Gwadar for export of goods and storing of imported goods for later shipment to their countries. Non Quantifiable Benefits of Port. Details of indirect non quantifiable benefits which the people of region will get and would accrue to the national economy from this port. Duty Free Port & Free Economic Zone/Incentives. Keeping in view the significance of Gwadar port, the government has declared Gwadar as a Duty Free Port and Free Economic Zone. A separate allocation of one billion rupees was made in the budget for the fiscal year 2004-2005 for the construction of the export zone and Gwadar industrial city. This has greatly accelerated the pace of development in the area. The other incentives announced by Govt are summarized as under: Positive approach towards private sector involvement. Infrastructure development on BOT/BOO basis. 100% profit repatriation. Tax holidays for ten years from date of commencement of commercial operations. 100% profit repatriation. Ownership rights. Flexible labour regulations. Subsidy on utilities. Complete exemption from duty & sales tax on imported plants & machinery for 10 years. Capital gains will be exempted from tax for 5 years. No local octroi or export tax leviable by local Govt. Access to CARs. Gwadar Port located in proximity of Arabian Gulf and Central Asian Republics provide it unique opportunity to serve both. Pakistan needs to capitalize on them through better diplomatic ties with Arab states and CARs. It is therefore anticipated that oil reserves and other resources of CARs would gradually become the focus of world attention in coming years. However, in case of â€Å"exports to and from CARs† a peaceful and stable Afghanistan is must. The port will also help in promoting trade with Gulf States possessing 63% of world’s oil reserves and will prove instrumental in promoting trans-shipment essentially of containerized cargo besides unlocking the development potential for hinterland. The most important factor that makes Gwadar Port strategically unique is the location with respect to other major ports in the region, which are all located on the other side of the sea. Gwadar port being towards north can easily provide services and facilities to CARs, Afghanistan and China. Upcoming Fishing Harbour/Industry. Planned fishing harbour/industry linked with this port will facilitate efficient exploitation of our 960 KM of long coast which would give boost to fish and crab exports and would promote food processing industries as well. Gwadar could also be a potential source of gas and oil exploitation. [1] These areas clearly indicate the vast potential which should be exploited and will help contribute towards national economy. Instability in Gulf. Gulf region and CARs contain one of the largest oil and gas resources of the world respectively. Gulf countries in particular, have capitalized on it by constructing major commercial centers with bulk port facilities. Pakistan, could not cash on this opportunity earlier due limited resources which Gulf countries did and so have well established ports these days. Gulf presently is badly exposed to world due instability in region and in case of blockade of Gulf due to any reason, the Gwadar port would become more important due to only choice left. Beside this, sour relations of Iran with western countries and her territorial disputes with Iraq are enough reasons for international community to opt for Gwadar rather than any Iranian port in future. Gwadar Port is therefore expected to act as a vital link to China, Afghanistan and Central Asian Republics throughout the year. Due to these factors Gwadar is going to be the necessity of major shipping competitors as it is the most efficient route to Indian Ocean for world markets. Gwadar Port can therefore become a viable option for wor ld community due to the following reasons: It is not within Gulf, thereby reducing chances of being blocked. It provides shortest access to the land locked Afghanistan and CARs. It is located in close proximity of other regional ports of the Gulf. Trans-shipment of Bulk Cargo. Oil Storage, Refinery and Petrochemical related industries/installations. Export processing and Industrial Zone. Export of minerals and live stock. Services ie hotel accommodation, tourism etc. Fishing industry. Ship repairs and Ship building. Construction of Warehouses and Storages. Beach Industries. Port Related Facilities. Construction of under mentioned facilities/industries is directly linked with the construction of Gwadar Port and will provide employment opportunities for its locals and the region. Trade pact with Tashkent. Considering importance of trade from CARs vis -a-vis up coming Gwadar port. Govt of Pakistan (GOP) has very rightly concluded a trade pact with Tashkent. In this Pakistan and Uzbekistan have agreed to enter into a trilateral transit trade agreement with Afghanistan to benefit from the Gwadar port facility and land routes. As per the joint communique issued after meeting of reps of both sides on 29-30 Dec 2005, a ‘Joint Ministerial Commission’ has been formed to formulate details/trade quantum and the modus operandi. Development Plans/Investment Opportunities For Balochistan By making Gwadar the pivot of regional trade, Pakistan will also attract considerable investment into its most under developed province. These funds will allow construction of roads and railways, linking the coastal region with rest of the Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan and will also, facilitate cultivation of vast regions and exploration of natural resources. This would ultimately help socio-economic uplift of locals through various development projects. The government on 3 October, 2004 has also announced Rs 3. 00 Bn grant for speeding up development activities for overall uplift of Balochistan. Beside these the development of Gwadar port would also benefit the overall economy of province/country and will unlock its potentials. It is anticipated that around 2. 5 million people will get jobs with start of this project. The government is setting technical training centres in area to train people. Although Gwadar is comparativ ely free from tribal influence, however people of area have two major concerns in their minds. Firstly, influx of people from rest of the country may throw them in minority. Secondly, local population lacks in education and other skills, which may affect their career prospects. They have a fear that people coming from other areas may grab the major share of economic opportunities. General public therefore show a resentment against government policies in form of bomb blasts and demonstrations/destruction of sui gas installation etc, however once economic lifts become visible then people would certainly realise their short sightedness. Oil Factor and the Alternate Port. Pakistan’s present population is arround160 Million. With the present growth rate of population, the country’s oil needs are increasing continuously as well. The fact that our dependence on POL gets further compounded as most of our defense needs are also met through it. National oil reserves are also dependent on the continuous POL from abroad. The war stamina depends on the availability of POL to armed forces for effective fighting. Therefore, keeping in mind the importance of SLOCs for provision of uninterrupted oil supply, Gwadar port would provide much-needed alternate for Karachi/ Qasim ports.

Public Support For The Supermax Prisons Essay - 1632 Words

I decided upon reading more about the Supermax prisons, as I had heard of them but never really focused much attention to them. I wanted to gain more knowledge on what they were used for and the controversy which surrounded the use of these Supermax prisons. I decided to read ‘Housing for the â€Å"worst of the worst† inmates: Public Support for the Supermax Prisons’ and ‘What we know, what we do not know, and where we are going’ journals. From my first perceptions of a Supermax prison, I only really knew that they could house thousands of criminals at one time and that those criminals were the ones you would not want to be involved with, being as they were in confinement for the majority of the day. And they are rarely allowed to communicate with each other or with the prison guards. After reading housing for the worst of the worst inmates†¦ I was able to find out that the criminals were in confinement of a single call for twenty-three hours a day, with very little services or privileges, to which this has been argued against as being cruel and inhumane (Miller, 1995.) It has also been said that keeping the inmates locked up for twenty-three hours a day with little to no contact is an extreme form of punishment. â€Å"†¦ inmates claim that specific policies and practices in the Supermax context violate their right to be protected against cruel and unusual punishments.† (Pizarro Narag, 2008: 32) This type of statement makes you think that if they are that supreme in their confinementShow MoreRelatedThe Effectiveness Of Supermax Prisons And Extreme Solitary Confinement2106 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effectiveness of Supermax Prisons and Extreme Solitary Confinement Kelsey R. Eborall Boise State University Abstract This paper discusses what supermax prisons are and the philosophy behind them. There are minimum, medium, and maximum-security prisons, so what was the reasoning behind forming a supermax security level? Supermax prisons are an extreme form of solitary confinement used to keep away the worst inmates. Many questions are raised on whether this is a humane form or incapacitationRead MoreLocked Down: Gangs in the Supermax by Michael Montgomery Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesPelican Bay Supermax Pelican Bay Supermax After listening to and or reading the transcripts of Locked Down: Gangs in the Supermax by Michael Montgomery, one gets a glimpse of prison life, sociological issues inmates and staff face, and the subculture of prison life faced by staff and prisoners alike on a daily basis. However, instead of delving completely in to the situational circumstances of prisoner life, it is more important to understand the history of this Supermax prison and why it wasRead MoreSolitary Confinement Is A Form Of Punishment918 Words   |  4 Pagescannot be left in general population. Supermax prisons is a form of tool where the wardens and security guards can manage any disobedient prisoners. Many state wardens believe that solitary confinement does provide order and safety to the correctional staff and the inmates as well. This form of housing unit is needed because those who are not cooperative to any form of treatment and who are a threat to those around them need this form of punishment. â€Å"Sup ermax is a mechanism of â€Å"herding a specificRead MoreEssay about Corrections: Prison and Incarceration2613 Words   |  11 Pagesof Offenders 1970s At the start of the â€Å"modern era† inmate security and control had been improved, escape from prisons were difficult, system of identification and control, including computer banks of data, have made escape into society almost impossible. The security of the prisons was so uptight and escape cut off that the frustration and agitation for inmates turned into the prisons (Allen, J., Ponder, 2010). Alternatives to Incarceration in 1970s Some alternatives to incarcerations in theRead MorePrison Reform : The United States2438 Words   |  10 PagesMichael Wilson Palo Alto University SOCI300 Prison Reform in the United States Prison reform. What does it mean and why is it necessary? To answer these questions we must look at a number of interrelated social areas. These include the motivations for and against prison reform, and where they come from. To this end, we must explore the American political system, public perception, prisoner rights, disenfranchisement among parolees, the social justice movement, and efforts to lower recidivismRead MorePersuasive Essay On Prison Segregation1490 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to segregation in prisons, there is a great deal of controversy. There are people who argue that this type of segregation (also referred to as solitary confinement) is necessary in certain situations, while others find that it is absolutely unnecessary and should be abolished. Ashley Smith was one such individual that spent most of her sentence in segregation until she took her own life. In the case of Smith, there was a lot more that should have been done to prevent her tragic demiseRead MoreDeath Penalty Should Be Abolished Because It’S Against1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of our criminal justice system is to deter crime, rehabilitate convicts, and incapacitate hardened criminals, life in prison serves these functions better than the death penalty. Life imprisonment is certainly a deterrent, in fact, it may be worse than death itself. Life in prison allows for rehabilitation, whereas death is final. And with supermax prisons, escape is no longer a real possibility, so incapacitation is served equally well by both. The death penalty lacks the deterrent effectRead MoreIncarceration Of Americ The United States1487 Words   |  6 PagesIncarceration in America The United States has the largest prison population in the world. The U.S.’s path to our over population has been decades in the making. â€Å"The United States makes up about 4 percent of the world’s population, and it accounts for 22 percent of the world’s prison population.† (Lopez). Prison over population is a growing concern within our society creating and contributing factors include longer sentences, rising costs, prison gangs, rapes, racism and mental health issues. As theRead MoreEssay Corrections System1615 Words   |  7 Pagescomes to corrections, it is clear what their mission is and that is to incarcerate criminals, however it also ensures that those incarcerated receive treatment to prepare them for reintegration and reentry into society. Ever since the creation of prisons, some wonder how we managed to survive without them in the past. Unfortunately, we do have neither the resources nor the capital to incarcerate all who chose to engage in criminal behavior. Utilizing other programs like probation are needed in orderRead MoreIncarceration: Prison and Inmates10532 Words   |  43 Pagescriminal conviction, is called incarceration. Incarceration is one of the main forms of punishment for the commission of illegal offenses. Juveniles and adults alike are subject to incarceration. Incarceration is the detention of a person in a jail or prison. The federal, state, and local governments have facilities to confine people. Individuals awaiting trial, being held pending citations for non-custodial offenses, and those convicted of misdemeanors (crimes which carry a sentence of less than one

The Effects Of Fast Food On Children Essay - 1985 Words

Just think about it, how many commercials do you see for some sort of fast food restaurant when you watch television? How many billboards do you drive by for a â€Å"2 for 2† at McDonald’s â€Å"off exit- insert number here-† or something of that nature†¦ Considering that most children cannot drive, they read those billboards; they see the bright colors and the photo shopped food that never looks the same way when you open the wrapper. Also, children generally have, what could be called, an addiction to television; their faces are essentially glued to it. The fast food industry spent $4.2 billion on advertising in 2010 alone. (Fast Food FACTS in Brief) Children see about three to five advertisements for unhealthy food every day. Only about a fourth of the fast food commercials seen by young children are for ‘healthier’ options. (Fast Food 360 Briefs) Additionally, the kind of advertising that is being done has broadened to become more up-to-date. People, especially children, are being drawn in not only by the classic free toy in every meal, but also by website games, apps, and rewards programs. One of the better examples of this is Starbucks. Starbucks, firstly, has an app that allows the user to pre-order and pre-pay for their drink and or food before the user gets anywhere near a Starbucks. Secondly, with the app, there is a â€Å"star rewards program† someone can sign up for where for a certain amount of money spent, a certain amount of ‘stars’ are added. These stars accumulate over timeShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Fast Food On Children991 Words   |  4 Pages30% of children ages 6 to 11 are overweight? 15.3% of children ages 6 to 11 are obese? The impact obesity has on a child can become life changing. â€Å"According to the CDC if current trends continue, 1 of 3 U.S. adults will have diabetes by 2050 † (Evans, W, 2006). Behind the mask of obesity is a child that falls into the trap of fast food advertisement. Overall, the fast food industry should be more socially responsible and not direct their marketing strategy of unhealthy food choices to children; thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Fast Food On Children And Teenagers1847 Words   |  8 PagesFast food and other junk foods such as pizza, hotdogs, candy, and much more have become a topic of discussion all over the world. Everyone gets those cravings for a big juicy cheeseburger and while everything is fine in moderation, fast food is and has become detrimental to the growth of children and teenagers. Many people see fast food as a convenient and cheap way to eat but, in reality, it is creating and teaching bad eating habits, can lead to many different health related issues, and can evenRead MoreThe Effects Of Fast Foods On Health Risks Among Children And Adolescents1549 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of photographic evidence. Food Insecurity The results of my study revealed that a vast number of youths in the U.S. were not properly nourished. This may have been due to environmental or socioeconomic barriers. There were differences of opinions as to whether or not food deserts alone have led to unhealthy food choices, and more research will be necessary to make further assessments. Fast foods have proven to contribute to the cultivation of unhealthyRead MoreFast Food and Obesity in Adults990 Words   |  4 Pages2013 Fast Food and Obesity in Adults In Aprils addition of Men’s Health magazine there is a picture of salted golden French fries inside a white cup. This advertisement invokes hunger for unhealthy and cheap fast food to consumers. The fast food industries false advertisements, unhealthy food, and long term effects of consuming fast food all lead to the causes and effects of adulthood obesity in the lives of thousands of Americans today. McDonalds, Burger King, Wendy’s, and other fast food industriesRead MoreLasting Effect Of Marketing On Children Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesLasting Effect of Marketing to Children In the past few decades, fast food companies has invested heavily in advertising to children and young adults, in return they’ll become the future of consumers of the next generation prolong business profits. Children between the ages 8 to 12 years old are exposed highest to fast food media marketing and those years are critical stages of development as this forms their eating habits for adulthood. Fast food corporations are utilizing all sources of outletRead MoreFast Food Restaurants And Their Effects969 Words   |  4 PagesFast-Food Restaurants and Their Effects In America, there are numerous of fast-food restaurants that many people enjoy eating at. People choose to eat at fast-food restaurants, because it is very convenient and they do not have to go home and prepare a meal. In addition, fast-food is usually cheaper for a family as well. However, the food from the restaurants are causing multiple problems in today’s society. It has a significant impact on American’s health which is leading to deaths and obesityRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food Restaurants1458 Words   |  6 Pagesare some children that do not go a day without eating a fast food meal. There has been a significant rise in obesity rates in America as fast food restaurant establishments are becoming more and more popular. It’s no coincidence that as the fast food industry’s popularity is rising; the obesity rates of Americans are rising as well. The reason for the increase in popularity of fast food restaurants is simply because of convenience. Take McDonald’s for example: they offer consumers food that canRead MoreCauses, Effects And Solutions Of Overweight918 Words   |  4 PagesCauses, Effects and Solutions of Overweight Nowadays, overweight is a serious condition associated with body fat accumulates in people’s body and as a result it leads to obesity. Being overweight referred to a crucial issue for its victims have increased significantly for the past two decades. The occurrence of overweight has increased in all persons including children, old aged, and educated persons. Loss of weight is one of the challenges for many people in life. The causes of overweight includeRead MoreFastfood1128 Words   |  5 PagesSimple Facts About Fast Food Nov 20, 2010 By Suzanne Robin Fast food restaurants, also known as quick service restaurants, sell food that can be quickly cooked, assembled and eaten. Fast food has moved out of restaurants and is also readily available at convenience stores. Even grocery stores often serve their own versions of fast food in prepackaged sandwiches and salads. Fast Food Nation reports that 25 percent of Americans eat at least one meal a day at a fast food restaurant,. What areRead MoreFast Food Nation Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesFast food is very popular amongst today’s society. Fast Food Nation has reasons for the explosion in popularity of fast food restaurants in the mid-1900’s. It also explains negative effects on American Culture in today’s society. The fast-food industry has multiplied across America and changed the food industry. Eric Schlosser describes in Fast Food Nation the way people think about what they eat and what people think of the fast food industry, and also its impact on society. 2 ND There are many

The Effects of Dehydration - 1216 Words

Dehydration james November 18, 2010 Dehydration Water is an essential part to maintaining a healthy body and weight. Without the proper intake of water, the body becomes dehydrated and it begins to pull it from other places including from your blood. â€Å"This causes the closing of some smaller vessels (capillaries), making your blood thicker, more susceptible to clotting, and harder to pump through your system. This can have serious implications in hypertension, high cholesterol, and heart disease. Recent studies have also linked the lack of water to headaches, arthritis, and heartburn.† (TheraGear 2001) An estimated 60 percent of our body weight is made up of water. Water helps to decrease fat because it suppresses the†¦show more content†¦Sodium exists outside the cell and concentrated potassium exists inside the cell. When nerve cells are stimulated, sodium passes into the cell and a negative electrical charge is created. The electrical travels to a muscle cell which causes the muscle to contract. To maintain healthy intracellular charges, muscle contraction and fluid balance, a diet high in potassium is highly recommended. Fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, beans, whole milk and meat can help achieve a potassium-rich diet. Sodium and chloride react together in blood cells which trigger a sodium concentration. This concentration causes sensations of thirst in the body and causes us to drink. Within 24 hours, the sodium and excess water is secreted and the body is returned to its normal state. A diet high in sodium and chloride can lead to hypertension and decreased kidney and heart function.† (The effects of dehydration) Caffiene should be drank in moderation. Caffeine is a stimulate of the cardiac muscle and central nervous system. When caffeine is consumed in excessive amounts it can cause stomach issues, insomia, nervousness, and dehydration. â€Å"Caffeine affects the kidneys by acting as a diuretic, which increases urine production and therefore increases loss o f water from the body. Numerous studies have provided evidence linking this loss of fluid with high levels of caffeineShow MoreRelatedDehydration Effects1380 Words   |  6 PagesDehydration Effects Dehydration is the â€Å"excessive loss of water resulting in depletion of body fluids† (Grosvenor amp; Smolin, 2006, p. 282). When the body goes through dehydration there can be many symptoms. Some of these symptoms can include: feelings of nausea, light-headedness, and feeling dizzy. Dehydration can cause symptoms to show more rapidly than any other vitamin deficiency. With other vitamin deficiencies, days or weeks can pass before symptoms are felt by the body (Grosvenor amp;Read MoreDehydration842 Words   |  4 PagesWater makes up more than half of the human body and is required for our cell systems to properly perform their necessary functions. Dehydration occurs when more water is lost than what is being taken in. Making sure we have the proper amount of fluids in our cells is vital to ensuring our bodies are able to properly perform their essentially necessary functions. Water acts like a cleanser, helping with the removal of harmful waste and possible deadly toxi ns. Our blood, which is made primarilyRead MoreHot Tub Mystery Answers801 Words   |  4 Pagesdead upon arrival. 3) The assumed physiological effects of this scenario include, blood alcohol level, the medication Lasix used to lower Mr. Underhill’s blood pressure, and the hazardous heat of the hot tub. 4) Alcohol causes hypertension, or an increased blood pressure, which in turn increases the risk of heart attack or stroke. It also acts to expand blood vessels and raise the body temperature to unsafe levels rapidly. Common side-effects of consuming alcohol in a hot tub include; loss ofRead MoreCommon Causes of Dehydration Essay883 Words   |  4 Pagesto drink. What happens to your body when it loses water and you are not replenishing it; dehydration. It may not seem like anything too serious but, in some cases, dehydration can actually cause some serious damage to your body, be life threatening and even cause death. The number of Americans that suffer from dehydration is actually quite high; 75 percent are living in a constant state of chronic dehydration. This means that for a substantial period of time their body has been without the correctRead MoreChronic Effects Of Chronic Water Intake1522 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore we must fully understand the consequences of dehyd ration. Dehydration is a condition that is caused by excessive loss of body water. It has been known that dehydration is associated with acute renal dysfunction, and it has been considered reversible with no long-term effects on the kidney. However, there has been an increasing number of epidemiological studies suggesting that irregular water intake, leading to recurrent events of dehydration, is a risk factor for developing and progressing theRead MoreThe Food Industry Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesbe combined with newer technologies. The main cause of perishability of fruits and vegetables are their high water content. To increase the shelf life of these fruits and vegetables many methods or combination of methods had been tried. Osmotic dehydration is one of the best and suitable methods to increase the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. This process is preferred over others due to its vitamin and minerals, color, flavor and taste retention property. It is less energy intensi ve than airRead MoreIDD Research Paper1408 Words   |  6 Pagesissues include dehydration and constipation. Dehydryation and constipation often go unrecognized in the IDD population, and if it goes unrecognized for too long, death can actually be linked them. These are preventable deaths that need to be understood in this population. Additionaly, caretakers of individuals with IDD must understand these major issue. Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it produces. Most body systems and organ functions are affected by dehydration, and it can causeRead MoreEating A Proper Diet For The Elderly Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagessocial behavior and cognitive development (2012). Prolonged unhealthy eating continues to effect the body long after childhood. As an adult there are numerous reasons why eating right is the most important factor in being healthy and some of the most important ones are food effects attitude, importance of choosing healthy eating habits, and negative effects of dehydration. Common knowledge dictates that food effects the bodies weight, but overlooks its influence on the brain. The intake of the rightRead MoreWhy You Should Drink More Water977 Words   |  4 Pagesmore water. I will share with you the symptoms of dehydration. Tell you about others sources to supplement water, as well as the daily recommended amounts of water to drink. 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Professional Environment Ethical Business Dilemma

Question: Discuss about the Professional Environment for Ethical Business Dilemma. Answer: 1: An ethical dilemma is quite common in a workplace. In case of ethical dilemma, an employee or an employer encounters a very complex and confusing situation, whereby it becomes challenging for the worker to take a firm decision, as the choice of one decision leads to the transgression of the other (Natale and Doran 2012). In the present case study, it has been observed that Alice, an employee of the organization named ACE, has utilized her professional skills and expertise for the purpose of creating and inventing her own security system, that owing to its unique, innovative and highly advanced qualities was capable of offering better protection to any kind of threat to the Information and Technology system of an organization. However, when Alice introduced the program to the manager of ACE, Ted, Ted absolutely refused to use it, owing to the absence of sufficient confidence in the capabilities of Alice. However, when Alices program was rejected by her own organization, she started continuing with her job, while at the same time focusing sufficient time, on the development of her program as well, and soon produced the same I the market under the pseudo name of Locksmith. . However, as and when the program became popular among the masses, and Ted discovered that Locksmith was none else but Alice herself, he immediately terminated her (Weiss 2014). Now, Teds manager Sheila Silk who was supposed to re-examine and review the whole thing, before terminating the service of an employee, relied blindly on the decision of Ted, and worked solely based on her prejudiced opinion towards Alice. The problem emerged when Busta, the owner of ACE, came to know about Locksmith, and asked Sheila to hire her, who was very well-aware about the actual identity of Locksmith. Here, the ethical dilemma emerges in the mind of Sheila silk, as to what she is supposed to do, as she is left with two conditions: Sheila will not hire back Alice. Sheila should hire Alice, as she has the necessary professional expertise required to take the organization a few steps ahead in a highly competitive market. It can be understood from the case study, that Alice was being terminated from her job without any justified grounds. Alice did not indulge in any kind of illegal activity, as she did not violate any privacy law of the business organization. A programmer can be sued and her service can be terminated, if he fails to follow the ethical guidelines such as giving proper credit for intellectual property, or honoring the confidentiality of his work or projects (Daft and Marcic 2016). In case of Alice, she has violated none of the ethical guidelines, and yet her service was being terminated on ground of the fact that she has hidden her identity, and has produced products in the market, instead of devoting her service solely to the development of the organization she has been working in, for the last 5 years. Alice has not behaved unprofessionally, and she has merely used her own professional skills, a part of which she has acquired from the training programs at ACE, to create her own progra m. Sheila, the senior manager of the organization must have reviewed and re-assessed the whole situation, to find out if it was an example of wrongful termination (Kruppe et al. 2016). It is noteworthy here that Sheila worked out of her biased opinion towards Alice, and it is evident that she has not gone through the positive performance reviews of Alice. Now, although she has been asked by the owner to hire Locksmith, she knowing the real identity, is unable to decide if she should hire back Alice, as it would also interrogate her and the managements decision in terminating the service of a highly skillful employee. It should be noted that each organization has a set of rules pertaining to the employment practices, and hence neglecting any of these rules, can lead to the accusation of breach of duty of good faith and fair dealing (Deaking and Morris 2012). The ground of termination of the service of Alice, is unjust and more importantly Sheilas decision to support and give consent to the decision of Ted, is in itself so wrong and devious that it can bring legal charges against her. Even if an employee is terminated due to the negligence of duty, she is supposed to be given a warning, something which was also denied to Alice. Now that Alice has proved her expertise and skills in the market, Sheila is confronting an ethical dilemma, regarding the fact whether she should hire the employee fired on unjust ground by the organization, or should the organization lose the working skills of a highly resourceful expert (Walsh 2015). 2: Four Step Ethical Analysis and Decision Making Process: Situation: Relevant Facts: In the present case study, it has been observed that Alice, the programmer working at ACE, develops her own program that owing to the unique and highly innovative features becomes an immediate success once it is launched in the market. However, as she has already approached her manager, who rejected the possibility of the sale of the program at a discounted or even free cost, the manager Ted on discovering the fact that Alice is using a pseudo name for continuing her business in the market, terminates her from her job. Ethical Issues: The main ethical issue that has emerged out of the situation is that Alices service was being terminated without any practical or justified ground. It is to be noted here that the case study suggests that she is an efficient worker of the organization, who has gained sufficient skill and knowledge about her work, by participating in a variety of trainings. Although she has initiated her private business, she cannot be accused of having neglected her official duty for the purpose of self-advancement (Bagenstos 2013). The case study clearly states that she worked in her own time, that did not intervene with the official work. The potential harm caused as a result of this ethical issue, is that an employee was being terminated without any justified ground. This resulted in the loss of Alices job that would not only affect her financial stability and dignity, but might also affect her family who might be dependent on her income. The next ethical issue that arose here is that Sheila, the senior manager must have cross checked and verified the entire situation, before terminating the service of an employee, and yet her decision was absolutely governed by her prejudiced opinion about Alice (Mamorsky 2015). The harm caused as a result of this ethical issue, is that that the organization lost the skill and expertise of a highly efficient and talented employee. Alice herself had also made an ethically wrong decision, when she chose to hide her real identity, and employ the pseudo name Locksmith, for conducting private business. Non-disclosure of private information is an ethical issue, and affects the reputation of the organization, in case the employee is engaged in an immoral act. This ethical issue might not affect the organization as a whole. However, if as an employee Locksmiths real identity would have been disclosed later, not only Alice would have been penalized, but the reputation of ACE might also get tarnished as well. Stakeholders Involved: Employee (Alice) Manager 1 (Ted) Manager 2 (Sheila) Shareholders (Jennings 2012). Government Step 2: Isolate the Major Ethical Dilemma: The major ethical dilemma that arises here is that whether Alice should be called back to work, or the organization should respect the decision taken by the manager of the organization, Ted. In case Alice is being called back to work she may sue the manager, Ted for having terminated her service without any valid or just grounds. Besides, her disclosure of unfair treatment to the other employees may create a negative impression in the minds of the employees, regarding the senior management system. Alice could also try to seek vengeance for the unlawful action taken against her, and may potentially harm the resources of ACE. However, if Alice s not being called back, the organization may lose efficient expertise of Alice, and may consequently be outrivaled by other organizations. In both the cases, the organization will be harmed; however, not hiring Alice would cause lesser harm to the organization. In case Alice is again hired, Alice will benefit, given the greater amount of financi al compensation, and incentive she can gain, while in case Alice is not being re-appointed, other rival organizations may benefit. However, choosing the second alternative that is not hiring Alice will be the most beneficial alternative (Shapiro and Stefkovich 2016). Step 3: Consequentialism: If Alice is being called back to work, then the reputation of the organization might get harmed. Since, Alice was being fired by the management authority of ACE, she might seek vengeance by harming the organization and its brand reputation, after re-joining the organization. If Alice is not being called back to work at ACE, then the organization might be harmed to a considerable extent. This is because, Alice has proved her skill, expertise and efficiency in program development, and in case she is employed by a rival organization, that organization will have a competitive advantage over ACE. Not hiring Alice back, is the alterative that will cause the least harm to the organization. If Alice is being hired back, Alice will be benefitted, though it should be remembered that she has already benefitted as the product introduced by her was an immediate success in the market, and as such she would gain enough recognition, to be able to earn sufficient amount of money. Hence, the organization would be benefitted by hiring a resourceful employee like Alice. If Alice is not being called back, the organization might be benefitted, as there would be less threat to the security system of the organization. Not hiring Alice will always result in maximum benefit, as though the organization might not be benefitted by the appointment of a talented employee, it would not have to suffer from a possible threat coming from an ex-employee. Consequentialism Comments: Not hiring Alice back, is the alterative that will cause the least harm to the organization. In case Alice is not being hired, another organization may temporarily gain a competitive advantage over ACE, and yet it should be noted that ACE can still use the product produced by Alice, and utilize the same for the organizations benefit. However, if Alice is hired back, she will gain sufficient knowledge about the security system of the organization, and may exploit the same for harming the information security system of the organization. In case Alice is not being hired, the organization will be benefitting the most under the given situation. This is because although the organization may not lose a potential and highly resourceful employee like Alice, they would at least not have to suffer from the fear of information hacking, and information theft, because of the presence of an agitated ex-employee. Rights and Duties: The rights and the duties violated here are as follows: The firing of Alice was illegal and as such the basic employment right was violated here, which clearly states that if an employee would be terminated, he/she should be terminated on properly justified grounds. Further, it is the duty of the employer to cite sufficient cause, as well as to provide a warrant before terminating the service of a employee. Again, the basic duty was also being violated when Sheila refused to review ad re-examine the whole situation, before providing consent to Teds decision of terminating the service of an employee, Alice. Another breach of duty, no less than an offence, was being conducted when Alice used a fake identity, for selling her program in private, while working as a program developer at ACE. Rights and Duties Comments: It can be seen from the above discussion that not only the management authority had violated the basic laws about fundamental rights and duties of the nation, but as a employee Alice can also be accused of identity theft. Kants Categorical Imperative: If Alice is being hired back, Ted as a manager as well as Sheila as a senior manager would be disrespected. If Alice is not being hired back, not only Alice would be disrespected, but the owner Busta Bigwig would also be disrespected. The alternative of not hiring back Alice is preferable. If Alice would be called back, then Ted ad Sheila would be treated unlike others. If Alice is not being called back, Busta will be treated unlike others. The alternative of not hiring back Alice is preferable. If Alice is being hired back, the organization might benefit from her professional expertise. If nobody agrees with the decision of hiring back, the benefit would be the company would be able to save itself from the fear of information theft. The alternative of not hiring back Alice would be the most preferable. Discussion: It has been understood that although Alice has perpetrated an action, that cannot be regarded as absolutely ethical, when she chose to conduct private business, without disclosing her identity to her own organization, or to the world, she did not deserve termination of her service. It should be remembered that if Alice chooses, she can sue the managers, Ted and Sheila, for having terminated her without any warning, and more importantly without a systematic approach to the situation as her performance history was neither reviewed nor was considered in the process (Oliver 2014). Decision: Finally, it can be concluded that the organization, as for now, should not hire Alice back, as her unfair treatment and poor experience in the organization may tempt her to cause serious harm to the information security system of the organization. It is advisable here that the organization creates a set of stringent ethical guidelines that must be followed by the employees as well as the managers, while appointing or terminating an employee. The management authority of ACE may also consider writing an apology letter to Alice, apologizing for the treatment meted out to her, while congratulating her on her success at the same time. Reference List: Bagenstos, S.R., 2013. Employment Law and Social Equality.Mich. L. Rev.,112, p.225. Daft, R. and Marcic, D., 2016.Understanding management. Nelson Education. Deakin, S.F. and Morris, G.S., 2012.Labour law. Hart publishing. Frericks, P., Jensen, P.H. and Pfau-Effinger, B., 2014. Social rights and employment rights related to family care: Family care regimes in Europe.Journal of aging studies,29, pp.66-77. Jennings, M.M., 2014.Business: Its legal, ethical, and global environment. Nelson Education. Kruppe, T., Rogowski, R. and Schmann, K., 2013.Labour market efficiency in the European Union: Employment protection and fixed term contracts. Routledge. Mamorsky, J.D., 2015.Employee Benefits Law: ERISA and Beyond. Law Journal Press. Natale, S.M. and Doran, C., 2012. Marketization of education: An ethical dilemma.Journal of business ethics,105(2), pp.187-196. Oliver, L., 2014. Linda Dickens (ed.), Making Employment Rights Effective: Issues of Enforcement and Compliance.Work, Employment Society,28(1), pp.139-141. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Walsh, D.J., 2015.Employment law for human resource practice. Nelson Education. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.