The Birthday Party Essay Example for Free

The Birthday Party Essay Theatrical features of the birthday party The birthday party considered as one of the greatest Pinter’s work which reflect his own rules and features of his own drama. Perhaps Pinter is very different from other absurdist writers as the Irish Samuel Becket and Inesco.but in anyhow I can assume that the theatre of the absurd as called by Martin Essllin has witnessed some other themes and set of ideas that makes it relevant .This is partly as a results of Pinter’s style of writing ; he does not preach lecture or categorical statement , but instead present his audience with incident ,characters ,language that suggest that something of great significance is taking place ,without ever being specific about what is it . So that the birthday party is an exploratory work that stimulate the audience into a wide range of topic , and perhaps the most vital thing to remember it is at one and the same time a play about the status of the artist in society , and how people fail to communicate, and about people need for security . Language is a tool to articulate and express opinions, but in the birthday party people used language in other aims. we have the undesirability of communication characters do not want to talk with each other they use language as an escape from truth we do not know whether the word they said are true or false and that is related to lack of verification and unverifiability which is between truth and falsehood cannot be detected. In the opening of the play we have a talkative woman that speaks a lot with her husband in an absurd manner communicating things with no real value. Pinter suggesting that people are too frightened of real communication to use language for this purpose, because real communication may reveal other weakness and deficiencies thus much language in the play is an attempt to cover up and evade the truth. Goldberg’s memories of youth as an example used in order to remove from Goldberg the obligation or need to talk about what is happening now. So the whole theme in the birthday could be summed up by saying that in the birthday party people are shown as being either unable or unwilling to convey accurately their feeling and thoughts to other people. Also in this play we have a struggle or a paradoxical situation between individuality presented by Stanly that presented as an artist in society. in this interpretation in which Stanly represent the man with creative talent who defies the conventions of society by his mode of living as someone who  refuses the traditional way of thinking and the values of society , and by refusing to accept it , and insist remains outside .therefore the character of Stanly considered as a menace to the system of society he may encourage other people to revolt against it. If this could happen people doesn’t do what society demand from them it mean the collapse and a total distraction of society as a whole . therefore Stanly has to be drawn back in order to obey to the rules and being conformist by force if necessary .and the second part the two conformist man Goldberg and McCann whom considered as symbol that shattered the illusion of security of Stanly .that least one is an artist means freedom of artistic expression furthermore Stanly appears at end of the play in dark suit and white collar , shaven and unable to articulate or express himself this notions means Stanly start to fit in society . he has been made respectable, from this it is easy to argue that this is what society demands of its members an unthinking obedience and lack of any individuality . All Pinter’s play has the same scenario that have in the middle of it an unknown menace that come from the outside world. The first play was the room wirriten in 1957 that contains that idea of outsiders force. In the Birthday party the room have also a great significance that made by Harold Pinter, it means the security for Stanly also as a womb of a mother , somewhere warm secure for its inhabitants . This significance of the room is related to the isolation of Stanly as an individual member. But this security is shattered by outsiders’ forces which considered as metaphysical that comes from outside the room and show that this security is unrealistic, a vain of hope. We can say that outsider menace is the result of being strange and not like the majority of society. Stanly as an example he isolate himself from others and that what considered as a threat to the government. Finally we can assume that the play of the birthday party is an illustration of the state of modern man in the historical context after the second world war. I suggest that it main purpose is to describe the modern man who was influenced by the wars and violence he is lost and this feeling of lost is clearly shown in the play when Pinter used darkness in his play and this action made the reader and audience lost too. Obviously that theme of obscurity is also applied at level of communication and use of  language when people fail to express their real emotion and opinion. There is an undesirability of communication people are frightened to tell other what they feel rather they keep silence and this use of pause by the writer is deliberately in a manner to show the audience that not everything we communicate is in purpose, but the truth is what isn’t as Pinter said : I think we communicate only too well in our silence, in what is unsaid. Also in this play we have the use of la nguage as a weapon to distract and make other obey to other’s willing and that is a part of the menace which comes from the outside of the secure room .

how to mare black powder :: essays research papers

How to Make Black Powder (and other explosives) Introduction Black Powder, also known as Gunpowder, is an explosive that has been around, literally, for centuries. The exact origins of the formula are lost in time, but it is known that the Chinese used Black Powder in weaponry at least 1,000 years ago. Technically, Black Powder burns by a process known as deflagration. This differs from detonation in that Black Powder produces subsonic shock waves, as opposed to the supersonic shock waves produced by explosives such as Dynamite, C-4 or TNT. This means that Black Powder is better suited as a propellant (such as in fireworks, bullets and cannons) than blasting (such as in construction or demolition). Safety Black Powder is dangerous!. The powder burns at a very high temperature, and is easily ignited. (High grade powder doesn’t even need a flame to ignite – it can be set off by percussion, such as the firing pin of a pistol.) Basically, what I am saying is that if you are not careful, you could land up with very severe burns, or worse. Some basic guidelines to follow: 1) Always mix ingredients in small amounts. Do not try to make 10 Kg of black powder (or any explosive) in one batch. Mixing small amounts of powder limits the potential damage should an unexpected explosion occur. 2) Keep your workplace tidy. Always carefully clean up spilled chemicals. Some materials can spontaneously combust when mixed (this is especially true of nitrates and chlorates). For the same reason, use separate instruments (plastic spoons, mixing cups, etc) for different chemicals. Label your instruments so that you know what materials they have been in contact with. 3) Mix materials outdoors. Chemical explosives contain their own internal source of oxygen, and cannot be smothered. If you start a chemical fire indoors, it can be nearly impossible to extinguish. 4) Be aware of static sparks. Do not use metal instruments to mix or grind materials. Do not store chemicals in metal containers. Use ceramics or plastics wherever possible. Store chemicals and mixtures in plastic containers or ZipLoc bags. 5) Wear safety goggles. Should the worst happen, skin can be grafted. Eyes cannot be replaced. Ingredients Black Powder has traditionally consisted of three ingredients: Potassium Nitrate (KNO3, also known as Salt Peter), Sulfur and Charcoal. The Sulfur and Charcoal provide fuel for the reaction, while the Potassium Nitrate provides Oxygen. By themselves, Charcoal and Sulfur will burn, albeit very slowly. The addition of an oxidizer (such as KNO3) greatly speeds up the burn rate of the fuel, resulting in an explosive reaction. The traditional ratio of the ingredients is 15:3:2 of KNO3, Charcoal and Sulfur by weight

Importance of Gwadar Port for Pakistan

Selection of Gwadar for construction of Deep Sea Port. While carrying out feasibility study for development of Gwadar port both Karachi and Bin Qasim were also considered for such development but found not attractive to major shipping agencies due to remoteness from main shipping routes, limitations of draft and comparatively long turn around time. Due to these reasons Gwadar was selected as the site for 3rd commercial port for Pakistan. Geo-Strategic Importance Gwadar port is located about 267 NM West of Karachi. Because of its ideal location at the mouth of gulf and opposite strategic choke points of Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman the port is visualized to become a regional hub serving incoming and out going commercial traffic of Middle East and Gulf countries. The new port of Gwadar will supplement Karachi Port and Port Qasim. It will attract transit and trans-shipment trade from over twenty countries including Srilanka, Bangladesh, Oman, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iraq and Iran. These countries may open their warehouses in Gwadar for export of goods and storing of imported goods for later shipment to their countries. Non Quantifiable Benefits of Port. Details of indirect non quantifiable benefits which the people of region will get and would accrue to the national economy from this port. Duty Free Port & Free Economic Zone/Incentives. Keeping in view the significance of Gwadar port, the government has declared Gwadar as a Duty Free Port and Free Economic Zone. A separate allocation of one billion rupees was made in the budget for the fiscal year 2004-2005 for the construction of the export zone and Gwadar industrial city. This has greatly accelerated the pace of development in the area. The other incentives announced by Govt are summarized as under: Positive approach towards private sector involvement. Infrastructure development on BOT/BOO basis. 100% profit repatriation. Tax holidays for ten years from date of commencement of commercial operations. 100% profit repatriation. Ownership rights. Flexible labour regulations. Subsidy on utilities. Complete exemption from duty & sales tax on imported plants & machinery for 10 years. Capital gains will be exempted from tax for 5 years. No local octroi or export tax leviable by local Govt. Access to CARs. Gwadar Port located in proximity of Arabian Gulf and Central Asian Republics provide it unique opportunity to serve both. Pakistan needs to capitalize on them through better diplomatic ties with Arab states and CARs. It is therefore anticipated that oil reserves and other resources of CARs would gradually become the focus of world attention in coming years. However, in case of â€Å"exports to and from CARs† a peaceful and stable Afghanistan is must. The port will also help in promoting trade with Gulf States possessing 63% of world’s oil reserves and will prove instrumental in promoting trans-shipment essentially of containerized cargo besides unlocking the development potential for hinterland. The most important factor that makes Gwadar Port strategically unique is the location with respect to other major ports in the region, which are all located on the other side of the sea. Gwadar port being towards north can easily provide services and facilities to CARs, Afghanistan and China. Upcoming Fishing Harbour/Industry. Planned fishing harbour/industry linked with this port will facilitate efficient exploitation of our 960 KM of long coast which would give boost to fish and crab exports and would promote food processing industries as well. Gwadar could also be a potential source of gas and oil exploitation. [1] These areas clearly indicate the vast potential which should be exploited and will help contribute towards national economy. Instability in Gulf. Gulf region and CARs contain one of the largest oil and gas resources of the world respectively. Gulf countries in particular, have capitalized on it by constructing major commercial centers with bulk port facilities. Pakistan, could not cash on this opportunity earlier due limited resources which Gulf countries did and so have well established ports these days. Gulf presently is badly exposed to world due instability in region and in case of blockade of Gulf due to any reason, the Gwadar port would become more important due to only choice left. Beside this, sour relations of Iran with western countries and her territorial disputes with Iraq are enough reasons for international community to opt for Gwadar rather than any Iranian port in future. Gwadar Port is therefore expected to act as a vital link to China, Afghanistan and Central Asian Republics throughout the year. Due to these factors Gwadar is going to be the necessity of major shipping competitors as it is the most efficient route to Indian Ocean for world markets. Gwadar Port can therefore become a viable option for wor ld community due to the following reasons: It is not within Gulf, thereby reducing chances of being blocked. It provides shortest access to the land locked Afghanistan and CARs. It is located in close proximity of other regional ports of the Gulf. Trans-shipment of Bulk Cargo. Oil Storage, Refinery and Petrochemical related industries/installations. Export processing and Industrial Zone. Export of minerals and live stock. Services ie hotel accommodation, tourism etc. Fishing industry. Ship repairs and Ship building. Construction of Warehouses and Storages. Beach Industries. Port Related Facilities. Construction of under mentioned facilities/industries is directly linked with the construction of Gwadar Port and will provide employment opportunities for its locals and the region. Trade pact with Tashkent. Considering importance of trade from CARs vis -a-vis up coming Gwadar port. Govt of Pakistan (GOP) has very rightly concluded a trade pact with Tashkent. In this Pakistan and Uzbekistan have agreed to enter into a trilateral transit trade agreement with Afghanistan to benefit from the Gwadar port facility and land routes. As per the joint communique issued after meeting of reps of both sides on 29-30 Dec 2005, a ‘Joint Ministerial Commission’ has been formed to formulate details/trade quantum and the modus operandi. Development Plans/Investment Opportunities For Balochistan By making Gwadar the pivot of regional trade, Pakistan will also attract considerable investment into its most under developed province. These funds will allow construction of roads and railways, linking the coastal region with rest of the Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan and will also, facilitate cultivation of vast regions and exploration of natural resources. This would ultimately help socio-economic uplift of locals through various development projects. The government on 3 October, 2004 has also announced Rs 3. 00 Bn grant for speeding up development activities for overall uplift of Balochistan. Beside these the development of Gwadar port would also benefit the overall economy of province/country and will unlock its potentials. It is anticipated that around 2. 5 million people will get jobs with start of this project. The government is setting technical training centres in area to train people. Although Gwadar is comparativ ely free from tribal influence, however people of area have two major concerns in their minds. Firstly, influx of people from rest of the country may throw them in minority. Secondly, local population lacks in education and other skills, which may affect their career prospects. They have a fear that people coming from other areas may grab the major share of economic opportunities. General public therefore show a resentment against government policies in form of bomb blasts and demonstrations/destruction of sui gas installation etc, however once economic lifts become visible then people would certainly realise their short sightedness. Oil Factor and the Alternate Port. Pakistan’s present population is arround160 Million. With the present growth rate of population, the country’s oil needs are increasing continuously as well. The fact that our dependence on POL gets further compounded as most of our defense needs are also met through it. National oil reserves are also dependent on the continuous POL from abroad. The war stamina depends on the availability of POL to armed forces for effective fighting. Therefore, keeping in mind the importance of SLOCs for provision of uninterrupted oil supply, Gwadar port would provide much-needed alternate for Karachi/ Qasim ports.

Public Support For The Supermax Prisons Essay - 1632 Words

I decided upon reading more about the Supermax prisons, as I had heard of them but never really focused much attention to them. I wanted to gain more knowledge on what they were used for and the controversy which surrounded the use of these Supermax prisons. I decided to read ‘Housing for the â€Å"worst of the worst† inmates: Public Support for the Supermax Prisons’ and ‘What we know, what we do not know, and where we are going’ journals. From my first perceptions of a Supermax prison, I only really knew that they could house thousands of criminals at one time and that those criminals were the ones you would not want to be involved with, being as they were in confinement for the majority of the day. And they are rarely allowed to communicate with each other or with the prison guards. After reading housing for the worst of the worst inmates†¦ I was able to find out that the criminals were in confinement of a single call for twenty-three hours a day, with very little services or privileges, to which this has been argued against as being cruel and inhumane (Miller, 1995.) It has also been said that keeping the inmates locked up for twenty-three hours a day with little to no contact is an extreme form of punishment. â€Å"†¦ inmates claim that specific policies and practices in the Supermax context violate their right to be protected against cruel and unusual punishments.† (Pizarro Narag, 2008: 32) This type of statement makes you think that if they are that supreme in their confinementShow MoreRelatedThe Effectiveness Of Supermax Prisons And Extreme Solitary Confinement2106 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effectiveness of Supermax Prisons and Extreme Solitary Confinement Kelsey R. 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